Water level flow speed-increasing generating station, power station, water supply station, and offshore floating city

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to the field of hydraulic machinery, and relates to, by using the law of motion conversion and Bernoulli&#39;s equation, a generating station formed with a water level speed-increasing water tunnel set on a special ship or offshore floating city increasing a natural flow velocity V1≦1 msec of a water source to a high speed of V2≧200 msec to propel a turbine, and drive a generator; a power station formed with the turbine driving various load machinery; and a water supply station formed with an outlet of the speed-increasing water tunnel being connected to a lift tube. Hence, the present invention can replace high dams of a small number, to convert planar flow dynamics of wide rivers, seas, and oceans into inexhaustible, cheap, clean, and sustainable energy, which is a major theme project of the third industrial revolution.

The present invention relates to the field of hydraulic machinery, and relates to, by using the law of motion conversion and Bernoulli's equation, a generating station formed with a water level speed-increasing water tunnel 3 set on a special ship or offshore floating city increasing a natural flow velocity V1≦1 m/sec of a water source to a high speed of V2≧200 m/sec to propel a turbine 2, and drive a generator 1; a power station formed with the turbine 2 driving various load machinery; and a water supply station formed with an outlet 6 (or via an annular inlet manifold 22) of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 being connected to a lift tube 26; the stations can lift water in the Bohai Sea to be irrigated westward to the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang without other power devices and pumps, or lift water in the Atlantic Ocean to be irrigated eastward to the Sahara Desert in North Africa, to thoroughly improve the global climate conditions. Hence, the present invention can replace high dams of a small number, to convert planar flow dynamics of wide rivers, seas, and oceans into inexhaustible, cheap, clean, and sustainable energy, which is a major theme project of the third industrial revolution.

A hydroelectric power station, particularly a river, sea, ocean dynamic pressure hydroelectric power station, is provided, characterized in that, basic elements of a water tunnel speed-increasing hydroelectric power station with single unit power of <1000 KW to >1000000 KW include a generator 1 and a hydraulic turbine 2, one or more outlets 6 of a speed-increasing water tunnel 3 increasing a natural velocity V₁≦1 m/sec of flowing water on the river, sea, ocean plane to V₂≧200 m/sec are set at a water source inlet of the hydraulic turbine 2, a cross-sectional shell of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 has circumferential tightness, whose inlet 5 is always below a water surface and sectional area F1>>F2—an outlet 6 and has a radial or circumferential local opening adjustment device making the generator move at a constant speed, the position of the outlet 6 of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 may be in the same plane with the inlet 5 or above or below the inlet 5, the cross-sectional shell of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 is round, square or elliptical, an installation base 15 of the hydraulic turbine 2 is a platform of an offshore floating city or special ship 4, the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 of each speed-increasing water tunnel 3 have respective doors 16 and 17 that can be opened, closed and regulated, a longitudinal axis of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 may be linear, in-plane spiral, equiangular or non-equiangular spiral, different planes have an axial lead angle, in order to balance water pressures on left and right sides of the offshore floating city or special ship 4, double units are preferred, when the offshore floating city or special ship 4 is linked with an underwater pile tower 9 in a fixed manner, one or more speed-increasing water tunnels 3 in a signal flow direction are disposed in a radial direction of each hydraulic turbine 2, when the offshore floating city or special ship 4 can rotate around an axis of the underwater pile tower 9 to adapt to the water flow direction, each hydraulic turbine 2 is provided with a speed-increasing water tunnel 3, at this time, a gravity portion at the bottom of the offshore floating city or special ship 4 is linked with the top of the underwater pile tower 9 through a giant and axially moveable ball-twisted bearing 10, and in order to balance wave beat and increase stability of tilt of larboard and starboard of the ship, the larboard and the starboard are provided with a special ship 4 possessing a draft, where the biggest one may have an area up to several square kilometers, and is habitable for humans, and include an offshore floating city 4 with agricultural, industrial, and commercial facilities; the present invention is applicable to vertical, horizontal hydraulic turbines, outlet water velocities of its water flow dynamic pressure speed-increasing water tunnel 3 may respectively reach 60-120 m/sec pelton turbines (including single nozzle and multi-nozzle turbines), Francis turbines and Diagonal turbines with a water velocity between 20-117 msec, and Bulb turbines and standard s-type turbines with a water velocity of 5-32 msec; in the case of the generating station, a turbine shaft drives the generator, in the case of the power station, the turbine shaft drives various load machinery, and in the case of the water supply station, the outlet 6 (or via an annular inlet manifold 22) of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 is connected with a lift tube 26 to lift and inject water into a diversion riverbed 27. For example, water in the Bohai Sea is lifted to be irrigated westward to the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang.

An otherwise-driven ship propeller set as a floating offshore floating city or special ship and a power transmission device thereof are provided, where an underwater ground pile group 19 linked with an anchor chain 21 is provided for a lighthouse movable power supply hub linked with a submarine distribution cable.

In the case of use of the offshore floating city especially multiple hub generator units, the centers of each turbine generator units are arranged in a circle, an inlet pipe 24 is linked with the annular inlet manifold 22 in a radial direction thereof, an outer side thereof is linked with the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 through the outlet 6 of the speed-increasing water tunnel, and effluent of each hydraulic turbine 2 is discharged to an annular tube (groove) 23 from its own discharge tube (groove) 25 or discharged to a free water surface, and the offshore floating city having the facilities.

As a hub generating station of the offshore floating city, the number of the hydraulic turbines 2 and the generators 1 thereof may be several or dozens and a power plant thereof belongs to a power storage transformation system.

The material of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 includes a steel structure, a composite or single layer steel sheet, engineering plastic, and aluminum alloy.

A transmission manner of a circumferential brake device of the offshore floating city or special ship 4 may be that a prime motor with a power source of independent power supply (diesel or motor with independent power supply) drives a reducer (or a turbine pair) having self-locking performance whose slow shaft drives two ends of a wire rope drum 11 to be wound on an outer edge of the underwater pile tower 9 in a multi-hoop manner, and the circumferential brake device receives flow direction signals to position the offshore floating city or special ship 4 in a direction.

The giant radial bearing 10 is fixed to an outer edge of the pile tower 9 from an inner diameter of an inner ring 12, an outer diameter thereof and an inner diameter of an intermediate ring 13 have clearance there between, the bearing can move up and down, an outer diameter of the intermediate ring 13 is a convex sphere, and mates with the inner ring 12 of an outer ring 14 having a concave sphere, and an outer diameter of the outer ring 14 is fixed to the installation base 15.

A link between the platform of the larboard and the starboard of the offshore floating city or special ship and the ship body may be a welded whole, or may be a group hinged joint, its link with the pile tower 9 may be a link with the spherical radial bearing 10, or may be a fixed mode, and the number and the position of the pile tower 9 are set appropriately.

An otherwise-driven ship propeller set as a floating offshore floating city or special ship and a power transmission device thereof are provided, where an underwater ground pile group 19 linked with an anchor chain 21 is provided for a lighthouse movable power supply hub linked with a submarine distribution cable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Chinese water turbines have been invented and used for thousands of years, they are mostly one kind of radial flow hydraulic power machine for agricultural processing and irrigation, and a number of the turbines nowadays exist in water source mountains, which is a symbol and pride of Chinese ancient civilization.

World water turbine generators have a long history, and it was reported that the French engineer Benoit Fourney-ron designed a water turbine generator with power of 50 KW in 1830, whose rotation speed is 2300 r.p.m and efficiency is over 80%.

The American engineer James B Francis first designed a radial flow water turbine generator, which has been widely used, and the hydraulic head thereof is 10-100 m. Pelton turbine is named after the American inventor, Lester A Pelton, it is a multi-blade radial flow device, in which there may be a single nozzle or multiple nozzles, and the hydraulic head thereof may be up to 2000 m.

In today's technologies, water sources of water turbines all use static pressure of high level water as power sources. For example, in page 307 of the book Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbo machinery, the hydraulic head of the Pelton turbine is 200-2000 m, the head of the Francis turbine is 50-700 m; the hydraulic head of the Diagonal turbine is 5-50 m, and the present invention converts them into corresponding water velocities (m/sec).

Principle of the Invention

One of the principles of the present invention is using the Bernoulli's equation of hydrodynamics and the law of motion conversion <see the law of motion conversion (

F1V1=F2V2=const) in

p19 written by E.M.ΦTEEB for details> to increase a natural velocity V₁≦1 m/sec of water in an advection state to a corresponding level of a hydrostatic pressure head of various turbines in today's technologies, that is, V2=10-200 m/sec, and the ultimate expression of the law is F₁V₁=F₂V₂=a constant, where, in the equation: F₁V₁ denotes the sectional area and the water velocity of the inlet₍₅₎ of the speed-increasing water tunnel₍₁₎, F₂V₂ denotes the sectional area and the water velocity of the outlet₍₆₎ of the speed-increasing water tunnel₍₁₎, and the equation indicates that water mass m on each section of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3 is equal, while the kinetic energy E=½mv² is not the same.

The conversion equation of a water dynamic pressure velocity V and a static pressure height is well known, i.e., V=√{square root over (2 gh)}, where h denotes the static pressure height, g denotes an acceleration of falling body 9.81 m/sec², and it can be known from the equation that, if the water surface of the water reservoir of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is 176 m high, and a net drop thereof is 120 m, a speed thereof is 48 m/sec.

Hydropower and wind power both belong to the scope of application of fluid mechanics, so power per unit area of their actuator disks is proportional to the velocity V³, the difference lies in that values of density ρ are different, water density is ρ=1000 kg/m³, air density is 1.25 kg/m³, and thus unit weight of water is

$\frac{1000}{1.25} = 800$

times that of air. The majority on the Earth's surface is ocean, while the moon keeps influencing ocean tides, relatively, reserves of high water reservoirs of rivers are limited, so development of ocean tide power generation is a major item in the development of green energy, and it should be the mainstream of the third industrial resolution.

Such a river, sea, lake, ocean dynamic pressure hydroelectric power station is characterized in that, by using the law of motion conversion, basic elements of the river, sea, lake, ocean dynamic pressure hydroelectric power station include a generator 1 and a hydraulic turbine 2, one or more speed-increasing water tunnels 3 increasing a natural velocity V₁≦1 m/sec of flat flowing water in the river, sea, lake, ocean to V₂≧200 msec are set at a water source inlet of the hydraulic turbine 2, an increment of the outlet/inlet kinetic energy thereof is

${I = \left( \frac{V\; 2}{{V\; 1}\;} \right)^{2}},$

as the number I=b 200 ²=40000 times, and it can be widely replaced high dams of a small number, making extensive ocean and river tidal advection become inexhaustible energy, which is cheap, clean, and sustainable, and is a theme project of the third industrial resolution.

Advantages of the Invention

The present invention belongs to green energy, and is a sustainable development project most widely distributed and storing most energy; as long as river is flowing and the moon is still moving around the earth, such energy is endless and inexhaustible; when the density of population on the Earth is too large, it should be a good choice to migrate to the offshore floating city having the device of the present invention on the sea; even if it is a professional ship of the special device of the present invention, it can supply power to land through a submarine cable.

Compared with high level-dependent, large drop, and barrage generating stations, the present invention has a small investment in terms of the structure of the speed-increasing water tunnel₍₃₎, if a special ship of the present invention is equipped with two generators of 700 MW, assuming its displacement is 40,000 tons, the overall cost is only 400 million yuan if calculated with 10,000 yuan/ton, while the water supply station is more economical because of not needing turbines and pumps.

The present invention does not need to set upright barrages, the equipment in the prior art can be used for its main components such as the high-power hydraulic turbine and generator, and it is very likely to avoid wars for energy given wide implementation thereof. The inventor is 82 years old now and has engaged in the mechanical design research work for 60 years; at this moment, I feel like to sing: “If the sea can be arranged in this way, keep wars for energy away . . . ”. Here, I call on leaders and colleagues around the world to share this.

There is only one Yangtze River and only one Three Gorges power station can be provided, but Chinese coastal areas and territorial seas can provide an infinite number of power stations whose capacity is the same as that of the Three Gorges; moreover, it is known now that the world's wise countries gradually give up on nuclear power.

For example, the special ship(4) is installed with two vertical-axis Francis turbines of 200 MW in parallel, the rotational diameter thereof is 5 m, the water pressure head is 110 m, and the total installed capacity is 400 MW. If 24 units of 700 MW have been installed, the total installed capacity may be up to the total capacity of the Three Gorges Dam, and the multiple hub generator units of the offshore floating city according to the present invention can meet the above requirements.

The implementation solution of the present invention is described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a symmetrical unit linear water tunnel speed-increasing special ship or offshore floating city of a dual-base hydraulic power station;

FIG. 2 shows a helical equiangular spiral or non-equiangular spiral speed-increasing special ship or offshore floating city of a single-base hydraulic power station;

FIG. 3 shows a multi-directional linear water tunnel speed-increasing special ship or offshore floating city of a single-base hydraulic power station;

FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a special ship 4, an underwater pile tower 9, an underwater ground pile group 19, and a cast anchor 21;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of sectional installation of a hydraulic turbine 2 and a generator 1;

FIG. 6 is a partial planar arrangement view of an offshore floating city especially an offshore floating city of multiple hydraulic hub generator units; and

FIG. 7 is a water supply station of the special ship or offshore floating city.

1 Generator

2 Water turbine

3 Speed-increasing water tunnel

4 Special ship or offshore floating city

5 Speed-increasing water tunnel inlet

6 Speed-increasing water tunnel outlet

7 Sectional view of the generator

8 Sectional view of a hydraulic turbine

9 Underwater pile tower

10 Giant radial bearing

11 Wire rope of a circumferential brake device

12 Inner ring

13 Intermediate ring

14 Outer ring

15 Installation base of the hydraulic turbine

16 Regulated, open/closed door of the inlet of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3

17 Regulated, open/closed door of the outlet of the speed-increasing water tunnel 3

18 Tail rudder

19 Underwater ground pile group

20 Underwater land

21 Marine anchor chain

22 Annular inlet manifold

23 Annular discharge tube (groove)

24 Inlet pipe

25 Discharge tube (groove)

26 Lift tube

27 Diversion riverbed

H Water lift height

The optimal solution for implementing the present invention is using mature hydraulic turbines and generators whose single machine capacity can reach 700 MW at present in the prior art as a basic power portion, using the ocean ship design and manufacture as a basis, having power supply and distribution industries coordinate with each other, and taking the mission of the third industrial resolution as a motive force, which should receive strong support from governments around the world, where there is love for future generations in the world, it is not difficult to do this and achieve wide application with joint efforts of the colleagues. The inventor will spare no effort to participate in related design and research and development work. 

1. A hydraulic machinery station, wherein, in the case of the generating station, basic elements of a water tunnel speed-increasing hydroelectric power station with single unit power of <1000 KW to >1000000 KW comprise a generator and a hydraulic turbine, one or more outlets of a speed-increasing water tunnel increasing a natural velocity V₁≦1 m/sec of flowing water on the river, sea, ocean plane to V₂≧200 m/sec are set at a water source inlet of the hydraulic turbine, a cross-sectional shell of the speed-increasing water tunnel has circumferential tightness, whose inlet is always below a water surface and sectional area F1>>F2—an outlet and has a radial or circumferential local opening adjustment device making the generator move at a constant speed, the position of the outlet of the speed-increasing water tunnel is in the same plane with the inlet or above or below the inlet, the cross-sectional shell of the speed-increasing water tunnel is round, square or elliptical, an installation base of the hydraulic turbine is a platform of an offshore floating city or special ship, the inlet and the outlet of each speed-increasing water tunnel have respective doors that can be opened, closed and regulated, a longitudinal axis of the speed-increasing water tunnel is linear, in-plane spiral, equiangular or non-equiangular spiral, different planes have an axial lead angle, in order to balance water pressures on left and right sides of the offshore floating city or special ship, when the offshore floating city or special ship is linked with an underwater pile tower in a fixed manner, one or more speed-increasing water tunnels in a signal flow direction are disposed in a radial direction of each hydraulic turbine, when the offshore floating city or special ship can rotate around an axis of the underwater pile tower to adapt to the water flow direction, each hydraulic turbine is provided with a speed-increasing water tunnel, at this time, a gravity portion at the bottom of the offshore floating city or special ship is linked with the top of the underwater pile tower through a giant and axially moveable ball-twisted bearing, and in order to balance wave beat and increase stability of tilt of larboard and starboard of the ship, the larboard and the starboard are provided with a special ship possessing a draft, wherein the biggest one is habitable for humans, and an offshore floating city with agricultural, industrial, and commercial facilities; the present invention is applicable to vertical, horizontal hydraulic turbines, outlet water velocities of its water flow dynamic pressure speed-increasing water tunnel may respectively reach 60-120 m/sec pelton turbines (comprising single nozzle and multi-nozzle turbines), Francis turbines and Diagonal turbines with a water velocity between 20-117 msec, and Bulb turbines and standard s-type turbines with a water velocity of 5-32 msec; in the case of the generating station, a turbine shaft drives the generator, in the case of the power station, the turbine shaft drives various load machinery, and in the case of the water supply station, the outlet (or via an annular inlet manifold) of the speed-increasing water tunnel is connected with a lift tube to lift and inject water into a diversion riverbed; in the case of use of the offshore floating city especially multiple hub generator units, the centers of each turbine generator units are arranged in a circle, an inlet pipe is linked with the annular inlet manifold in a radial direction thereof, an outer side thereof is linked with the speed-increasing water tunnel through the outlet of the speed-increasing water tunnel, and effluent of each hydraulic turbine is discharged to an annular tube (groove) from its own discharge tube (groove) or discharged to a free water surface, and the offshore floating city having the facilities.
 2. The hydraulic machinery station according to claim 1, wherein for multiple hub generating stations, the number of the hydraulic turbines and the generator may be several or dozens and a power plant thereof belongs to a power storage transformation system.
 3. The hydraulic machinery station according to claim 1, wherein the material of the speed-increasing water tunnel comprises a steel structure, a composite or single layer steel sheet, engineering plastic, and aluminum alloy.
 4. The hydraulic machinery station according to claim 1, wherein a transmission manner of a circumferential brake device of the offshore floating city or special ship may be that a prime motor with a power source of independent power supply (diesel or motor with independent power supply) drives a reducer (or a turbine pair) having self-locking performance whose slow shaft drives two ends of a wire rope drum to be wound on an outer edge of the underwater pile tower in a multi-hoop manner, and the circumferential brake device receives flow direction signals to position the offshore floating city or special ship in a direction.
 5. The hydraulic machinery station according to claim 1, wherein the giant radial bearing is fixed to an outer edge of the pile tower from an inner diameter of an inner ring, an outer diameter thereof and an inner diameter of an intermediate ring have clearance there between, the bearing can move up and down, an outer diameter of the intermediate ring is a convex sphere, and mates with the inner ring of an outer ring having a concave sphere, and an outer diameter of the outer ring is fixed to the installation base.
 6. The hydraulic machinery station according to claim 1, wherein a link between the platform of the larboard and the starboard of the offshore floating city or special ship and the ship body may be a welded whole, or may be a group hinged joint, its link with the pile tower may be a link with the spherical radial bearing or may be a fixed mode, and the number and the position of the pile tower are set appropriately.
 7. An otherwise-driven ship propeller set as a floating offshore floating city or special ship and a power transmission device thereof, wherein an underwater ground pile group linked with an anchor chain is provided for a lighthouse movable power supply hub linked with a submarine distribution cable. 